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The system developed contains four subsystems: a controller, two pole measuring modules, and a terrain-measuring module.
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Data processing using the system, a validation of the prototype in terms of angle measurement IMU accuracy, example data from in-field athlete testing, and visualization by animations are described. A functioning prototype capable of measuring ski sports dynamics was created. Using inertial measurement units (IMUs) and load cells in a modular system, a force orientation measurement system, FOMS, was developed. Practitioners could also predict LT2PO with reasonable accuracy based solely from a 1000-m time-trial potentially providing an alternative, non-invasive, competition-specific protocol for threshold determination.Ī modular sensor application for measuring athlete performance in skiing sports was developed. The results of this study provide further evidence to support the ecological validity of recently developed on-water GXTs graded by PO, since LT1PO and LT2PO were significantly correlated to 200-, 500- and 1000-m performance. The equation incorporating 1000-m MMP alone provided the best prediction of LT1PO and LT2PO, explaining 78% and 88% of the variance, and yielding a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 11.3% and 7.1% for these measures, respectively. Athletes’ LT1PO and LT2PO had very-large inverse relationships to 200-, 500- and 1000-m time-to-completion (r=-.71 to -.85, P≤.010) and very-large, to near-perfect positive relationships to 200-, 500- and 1000-m MMP (r=.81 to. On-water GXT derived LT1PO and LT2PO were 151☓4 and 194☓9 W, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine whether equations incorporating 200-, 500- and 1000-m MMP data could be used as an alternative method for estimating LT1PO and LT2PO. Twelve well-trained sprint kayak athletes completed an on-water GXT and a 200-, 500- and 1000-m time-trial utilising novel instrumented paddle technology. This study utilised on-water graded exercise tests (GXT) to determine the power output (PO) corresponding to the first and second lactate thresholds (LT1PO and LT2PO), subsequently examining their relationship to the mean maximal power (MMP) and race time achieved across three on-water sprint kayak time-trials.