The earliest-identified cause of enhanced warming is the ice-albedo (or surface-albedo) feedback, whereby some initial warming reduces polar ice and snow cover and causes a greater fraction of incoming solar radiation to be absorbed, which further accelerates warming and albedo reduction ( Budyko, 1969 Cess et al., 1991 Serreze et al., 2009). A number of interconnected physical processes, occurring within and external to the Arctic and with distinct seasonal variability, have been identified as contributing to Arctic amplification ( Taylor et al., 2013 Yoshimori et al., 2014a Kim and Kim, 2017 Lang et al., 2017 Goosse et al., 2018 Park et al., 2018 Stuecker et al., 2018 Ding et al., 2019). Amplified Arctic warming has been most pronounced during autumn and winter, and model simulations project this will remain the case in future warming scenarios ( Serreze and Francis, 2006 Lu and Cai, 2009 Serreze et al., 2009 Screen and Simmonds, 2010 Bintanja and van der Linden, 2013 Cohen et al., 2014 Dai et al., 2019).
However, the causes of this “Arctic amplification” are not fully understood ( Serreze and Barry, 2011). Introduction: Arctic Amplification–Local and Remote CausesĪrctic-amplified near-surface atmospheric warming is a fundamental feature of past climate warming periods, present-day warming trends, and modeled future changes to the Earth’s climate system. As high-latitude atmospheric circulation is strongly influenced by lower-latitude processes, the future state of tropical-to-Arctic teleconnections is also considered. The future evolution of Arctic amplification is discussed in terms of projected future trends in atmospheric blocking and moisture transport and their coupling with the cryosphere. Impacts of circulation variability and moisture transport on sea ice, ice sheet surface mass balance, snow cover, and other surface cryospheric variables are reviewed and discussed.
#ICE DRIVER REVIEW DRIVERS#
Both local and remote drivers of Arctic amplification are considered, with specific focus given to high-latitude atmospheric blocking, poleward moisture transport, and tropical-high latitude subseasonal teleconnections. Will future Arctic Amplification be primarily driven by local, within-Arctic processes, or will external forces play a greater role in contributing to changing climate in this region? Motivated by this uncertainty in future Arctic climate, this review seeks to evaluate several of the key atmospheric circulation processes important to the ongoing discussion of Arctic amplification, focusing primarily on processes in the troposphere. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which this will take place are numerous, interconnected. To date, warming in the Arctic has been most pronounced in autumn and winter seasons, with this trend predicted to continue based on model projections of future climate. However, the causes of this “amplification” within Earth’s climate system are not fully understood.
#ICE DRIVER REVIEW PLUS#
You get to be your own boss essentially which is a major plus and there’s not necessarily a time limit on getting your route done.
I enjoyed the driving aspect as I love driving.
I worked at Home City Ice as a delivery driver for 4 months during the summer season of 2021.